{"id":2907158,"date":"2026-11-08T11:05:18","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T09:05:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eportal.gr\/portal\/?p=2907158"},"modified":"2026-11-08T11:05:18","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T09:05:18","slug":"%cf%86%cf%81%ce%bf%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ad%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%b1%cf%8c%cf%81%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%b2%ce%ac%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%82-%cf%84%cf%89%ce%bd-%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%cf%8e%cf%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eportal.gr\/portal\/%cf%86%cf%81%ce%bf%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ad%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%b1%cf%8c%cf%81%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%b2%ce%ac%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%82-%cf%84%cf%89%ce%bd-%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%cf%8e%cf%80\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2: \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> \n<\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div id=\"attachment_229912\" style=\"width: 264px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-229912\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iatropedia.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Kallinoglou-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\" width=\"254\" height=\"254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iatropedia.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Kallinoglou-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iatropedia.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Kallinoglou-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.iatropedia.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Kallinoglou-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.iatropedia.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Kallinoglou-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.iatropedia.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Kallinoglou-45x45.jpg 45w, https:\/\/www.iatropedia.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Kallinoglou.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px\"\/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0393\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9:<\/em><strong><em> \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5,\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em>\u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039b\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2, MSc \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/em><br \/><em>Prof. Diploma \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00ab\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u00bb. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ae\u03c1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 <strong>\u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac, \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf, \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf \u03ae \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ae (NCI, 2025).<\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf, \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u2026\u00ab\u0386\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03c9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ce\u00bb, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf, \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae, \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5:\u00a0<strong>\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9;<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u03a6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2: \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd,\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf,\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u039f \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd,<\/li>\n<li>\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2,<\/li>\n<li>\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2,<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2,<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1,<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2,<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1,<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2,<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0395\u03bd \u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2, \u03bf \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf. <strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf;<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. <\/strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae, \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u039a\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03bb\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 Patterson et al. (2025) \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Zarzycki et al. (2022) \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Zarzycki et al. (2023), \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd del R\u00edo-Lozano et al. (2013) \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03bc\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf-\u0391\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 146 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf 19% \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 (Morse &amp; Kallimeri-Kianidis, 2002).<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u03a0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2;<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 (WHO, 2026a). \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf WHO Kobe Centre (2024) \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 0,8% \u03bc\u03b5 4,9% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u0395\u03a0.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u039b\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (Gu et al., 2024).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd umbrella review \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Xu et al. (2025), \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 18 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5\u00a0 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd 33,35% \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7<\/strong>, 35,25% \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 49,26% \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 del-Pino-Casado et al. (2021) \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 Cai et al. (2025) \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Choi et al. (2024) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 <strong>\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7. \u0392\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Borg &amp; Hallberg (2016) \u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 <strong>\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae<\/strong>, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae (Haroen et al., 2025). \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae <strong>\u03b5\u03c5\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong> \u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03cc <\/strong>\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 (Schulz et al., 2016).<\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af <strong>\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 <strong>\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 <strong>\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 (Zygouri et al., 2024; Zarzycki et al., 2022). \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u00ab\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u00bb \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9, \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 (Brea et al., 2016).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Winter et al. (2024) \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 <\/strong>\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 <strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03bf <strong>\u03c6\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 <\/strong>\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 (Shilling et al., 2017; Molassiotis et al., 2009; Greenwood et al., 2019).<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c2<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae, \u03b7 \u00ab\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u00bb \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ae\/\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae\/\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ae\/\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u00bb (European Commission, 2026).<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u2019 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 <\/strong>\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (\u039c\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b7, 2026; Spanova et al., 2018).<\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 0,1% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u0395\u03a0 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u0392\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd., 2020). \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1<strong> \u00ab\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0392\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u0391\u00bb<\/strong> \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (Govgr, 2026).<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2;<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd 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\u039f\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (WHO, 2026a) \u03b7 \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (Spasova et al., 2018;\u00a0 European Commission, 2026).<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 (WHO, 2026a).<\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9 Ananias et al. (2015), \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u0397 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03ae\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u0391\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (\u039a\u0391\u03a0\u0397), \u03bf\u03b9 \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03a5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u00ab\u0392\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u00bb, \u03c4\u03b1 \u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03a6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (\u039a\u03a6\u0397), \u03c4\u03b1 \u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03a8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03a4\u039f\u039c\u03a5).<\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9, <strong>\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.<\/strong> <strong>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1.<\/strong> \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0392\u0399\u0392\u039b\u0399\u039f\u0393\u03a1\u0391\u03a6\u0399\u0391<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0392\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7, \u0391., \u039b\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac, \u0395., \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c2, \u03a0. (2020). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c2, \u03a0. &amp; \u039c\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03a0. \u03a5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 &amp; \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2. BrokenHillPublishersLTD<\/li>\n<li>\u039c\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03c3\u03b7, \u039a., \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b7, \u039c. (2026).\u0397 \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. <em>\u03a4\u03bf\u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u0391\u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/em>. 25(3), pp., 312-327. doi.10.5281\/zenodo.21113643<\/li>\n<li>Ananias, J., Strydom, H., Ellis, S., M. (2015). A support group programme with informal caregiversto prevent elder abuse<em>. Southern African Journal of Social Work and Social Development<\/em>.27(2).DOI:<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25159\/2415-5829\/363\">10.25159\/2415-5829\/363<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Borg, C., Hallberg, I.,R. (2006), Life satisfaction among informal caregivers in comparison with non-caregivers. <em>Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences<\/em>. 20, pp., 427-438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2006.00424.x<\/li>\n<li>Brea, M.,T., Albar, M., J., Casado-Mejia, R. (2016). Gendering Guilt among Dependent Family Members\u2019Caregivers.<em>The Spanish Journal of Psychology<\/em>.19, e80, p.p., 1\u201310.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/sjp.2016.82<\/li>\n<li>Cai, H., Xin, M., Tsang, H. (2025). Association between caregiving factors and depression symptoms in family caregivers of persons with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong: a structural equation analysis. <em>BMJ Open<\/em>15(5).doi: 10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-087397<\/li>\n<li>Choi, J.,Y., Lee, S.,H., Yu, S. (2024). Exploring Factors Influencing Caregiver Burden: A Systematic Review of Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Chronic Illness in Local Communities.<em>Healthcare (Basel)<\/em>. 12(10).doi: 10.3390\/healthcare12101002.<\/li>\n<li>Del-Pino-Casado, R., Priego-Cubero, E., Lopez-Martinez, \u00a0C., Orgeta, V. (2021). Subjective caregiver burden and anxiety in informalcaregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.\u00a0<em>PLoS ONE<\/em> 16(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0247143<\/li>\n<li>Del R\u00edo-Lozano, M., Garc\u00eda-Calvente, Mdel, M., Marcos-Marcos, J., Entrena-Dur\u00e1n, F., Maroto-Navarro, G. (2013). Gender identity in informal care: impact on health in Spanish caregivers. <em>Qual Health Res<\/em>. 23(11), pp., :1506-20.doi: 10.1177\/1049732313507144<\/li>\n<li>European Commission (2026). Long- TermCare. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 17\/10\/2026 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc https:\/\/employment-social-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/policies-and-activities\/social-protection-social-inclusion\/social-protection\/long-term-care_en<\/li>\n<li>Govgr (2026). \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0392\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 (\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9). \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 21\/10\/2026 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc https:\/\/www.gov.gr\/el\/services\/1002141\/prosopikos-boethos-gia-atoma-me-anaperia-opheloumenoi<\/li>\n<li>Greenwood, N., Pound, C.,Brearley, S. (2019). \u2018What happenswhen I can no longer care?\u2019Informalcarers\u2019concernsabout facing their own illnessor death: a qualitative focusgroup study. <em>BMJ Open<\/em>.9.doi:10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030590<\/li>\n<li>Gu, J., Sun, X., Shi, Y., Wang, S., Wang, P., Liu, L., Liu, Y,, Wang, P. (2024). \u00a0The hidden costs of informal caregiving: a concept analysis. <em>BMC Nurs<\/em> 23, (617). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-024-02293-1<\/li>\n<li>Haroen, H., Juniarti, N., Sari, C.,W.,M., Prista Sari, S., Arovah, N.,I., Pardosi, J.,F., Wibowo, D.,A. (2025). Factors Associated with Caregiver Burden in Families of Patients with Palliative and Chronic Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study. <em>J MultidiscipHealthc<\/em>. 18, pp,4497-4510. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JMDH.S533067\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JMDH.S533067<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Molassiotis, A., Wilson, B., Blair, S., Howe, T.,Cavet, J. (2011).Living with multiple myeloma: experiences of patients and their informal caregivers.<em>Support Care Cancer.<\/em> 19, pp.,101\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-009-0793-1<\/li>\n<li>Morse, C., A.,&amp;Messimeri-Kianidis,V. (2002) Keeping It in the Family. <em>Social Work in Health Care<\/em>. 34(3-4), 299-314, DOI: 10.1300\/J010v34n03_04<\/li>\n<li>NCI (2025).Informal Caregivers in Cancer (PDQ\u00ae)\u2013Patient Version.\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 7\/10\/2026 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cchttps:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/coping\/family-friends\/family-caregivers-pdq<\/li>\n<li>Patterson, E., S., Caywood, K, Pantelic, S.,M, Morreale, O. (2025). Traditional and Non-traditional Caregivers Define \u00abFamily\u00bb and Caregiving Obligations. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. doi: 10.1177\/15333175251357328.<\/li>\n<li>Schulz, R., Eden, J., Adults, C. (2016).\u00a0 ). Families Caring for an Aging America \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0 Committee on Family Caregiving for Older Adults, Board on Health Care Services, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine;\u00a0 https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK396398\/<\/li>\n<li>Shilling, V., Starkings, R., Jenkins, V., Fallowfield, L.(2017). The pervasive nature of uncertainty\u2014a qualitative study of patients with advanced cancer and their informal caregivers. J Cancer Surviv. 11, pp., 590\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11764-017-0628-x<\/li>\n<li>Soh, X.C., Hartanto, A., Ling, N., Reyes, M., Sim, L., Majeed, N. M. (2025). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, burden, burnout, and stress in informal caregivers: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus. 2(3).ISSN 2950-3078. doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aggp.2025.100197.<\/li>\n<li>Spasova, S., Baeten, R., Vanhercke, B. (2018).Challenges in long-termcare in Europe-A study of nationalpolicies.European Social PolicyNetwork(ESPN).EU.https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/social\/main.jsp?langId=en&amp;catId=1135&amp;newsId=9185&amp;furtherNews=yes<\/li>\n<li>WHO (2026a).Global Dementia Observation.\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 9\/9\/2026 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cchttps:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/global-dementia-observatory-gdo\/dementia-carer-support-services<\/li>\n<li>WHO (2026b).Percentage of informal caregivers (mainly family caregivers) of older people in need of support who received caregiving training over the past year.\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 9\/9\/2026 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/indicator-metadata-registry\/imr-details\/percentage-of-informal-caregivers-(mainly-family-caregivers)-of-older-people-in-need-of-support-who-received-caregiving-training-over-the-past-year<\/li>\n<li>WHO Kobe Centre (2024). Long-term care financing: lessons for low- and middle-income settings. Brief 10. Supporting informal long-term caregivers.\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 13\/10\/2026 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc https:\/\/wkc.who.int\/resources\/publications\/i\/item\/long-term-care-financing-lessons-for-low\u2013and-middle-income-settings-supporting-informal-long-term-caregivers<\/li>\n<li>Winter, M. A., Hoppe, R., &amp; Albrecht, T. A. (2024). \u201cI don\u2019t have a choice but to keep getting up and doing the things that protect her\u201d: The informal caregiver\u2019s adaptation to the cancer diagnosis. <em>Journal of Psychosocial Oncology<\/em>.42(5), pp., 622\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07347332.2024.2310813<\/li>\n<li>Zarzycki, M., Morrison, V., Bei, E., &amp; Seddon, D. (2023). Cultural and societal motivations for being informal caregivers: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. <em>Health Psychology Review<\/em>. 17(2), pp., 247\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17437199.2022.2032259<\/li>\n<li>Zarzycki, M., Seddon, D., Bei, E., Dekel, R., Morrison, V. (2022).\u00a0 How Culture Shapes Informal Caregiver Motivations: A Meta-Ethnographic Review. <em>Qualitative Health Research<\/em>.32(10), pp., 1574-1589. doi:10.1177\/10497323221110356<\/li>\n<li>Zygouri, I., Mantzoukas, S., Cowdell, F., Gouva, M., Ploumis, A. (2024). The experience of gender in spousal caregiving: A phenomenological psychological study (Greece). <em>Rehabil Psychol<\/em>. 69(4), pp., 375-383. doi: 10.1037\/rep0000558<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 iStock<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iatropedia.gr\/ygeia\/frontistes-to-aorato-varos-ton-anthropon-pou-frontizoun-enan-diko-tous-anthropo\/232207\/\" class=\"google-drive-opener\">\u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 !  <\/a> 2026-11-08 11:02:00<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5. \u0393\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9: \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5,\u00a0\u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039b\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2, MSc \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2Prof. Diploma \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u00ab\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u00bb. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ae\u03c1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2. \u0397 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\u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf - eportal","description":"\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5. \u0393\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9: \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039b\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2, MSc \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2Prof. Diploma \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u00ab\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u00bb. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ae\u03c1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.","inLanguage":"el","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/eportal.gr\/portal\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/eportal.gr\/portal\/%cf%86%cf%81%ce%bf%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ad%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%b1%cf%8c%cf%81%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%b2%ce%ac%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%82-%cf%84%cf%89%ce%bd-%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%cf%8e%cf%80\/#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/eportal.gr\/portal\/author\/eportalnews\/#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/eportal.gr\/portal\/author\/eportalnews\/#author"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/eportal.gr\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Kallinoglou-300x300.jpg","@id":"https:\/\/eportal.gr\/portal\/%cf%86%cf%81%ce%bf%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ad%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%b1%cf%8c%cf%81%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%b2%ce%ac%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%82-%cf%84%cf%89%ce%bd-%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%cf%8e%cf%80\/#mainImage","width":300,"height":300},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/eportal.gr\/portal\/%cf%86%cf%81%ce%bf%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ad%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%b1%cf%8c%cf%81%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%b2%ce%ac%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%82-%cf%84%cf%89%ce%bd-%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%cf%8e%cf%80\/#mainImage"},"datePublished":"2026-11-08T11:05:18+02:00","dateModified":"2026-11-08T11:05:18+02:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/eportal.gr\/portal\/#website","url":"https:\/\/eportal.gr\/portal\/","name":"eportal","description":"\u038c\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac !","inLanguage":"el","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/eportal.gr\/portal\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"el_GR","og:site_name":"eportal - \u038c\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac !","og:type":"article","og:title":"\u03a6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2: \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf - eportal","og:description":"\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5. \u0393\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9: \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039b\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2, MSc \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2Prof. Diploma \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u00ab\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u00bb. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ae\u03c1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.","og:url":"https:\/\/eportal.gr\/portal\/%cf%86%cf%81%ce%bf%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ad%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%b1%cf%8c%cf%81%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%b2%ce%ac%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%82-%cf%84%cf%89%ce%bd-%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%cf%8e%cf%80\/","article:published_time":"2026-11-08T09:05:18+00:00","article:modified_time":"2026-11-08T09:05:18+00:00","twitter:card":"summary","twitter:title":"\u03a6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2: \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf - eportal","twitter:description":"\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5. \u0393\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9: \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039b\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2, MSc \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2Prof. Diploma \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u00ab\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc 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